PRESENTATION ON RICKETS AND SCURVY

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                                       VITAMIN

VITAMIN: any of various organic substances that the essential in minute quantity to the nutrition of most animal and some plant, act especially as co enzymes and precursors of co enzymes but do not provide energy or serve as building units and as present in natural food stuff or sometimes produce within the body in order words vitamins are organic food substance needed only in small quantity but essential for normal metabolism of other nutrient to promote proper growth and the maintenance of health.

                 VITAMIN CAN BE DIVIDED INTO TWO GROUP

1.       Fat soluble (vitamin A,D,E,K)

2.       Water soluble (vitamin B, Complex and vitamin C)

             BENEFIT OF VITAMINS

VITAMIN	BENEFIT
Vitamin A	For treatment of eye disorders and skin infections
Vitamin B1	Helps prevent health ailments and indigestion
Vitamin B2	Reduce risk of hearth ailments,diabetes and migraine
Vitamin B3	Helps treat skin ailments and anemia
Vitamin B5	Relieves stress and reduce graying hair
Vitamin B6	Beneficial in treating menstrual disorder,
Vitamin B7	Improve metabolism and helps treat skin disorders
Vitamin B9	Reduces risks of neural tube defect during pregnancy
Vitamin B12	Provide relief from symptoms of arena, kidney and liver disorder
Vitamin C	Help treat scurvy, cancer and common cold
Vitamin D	Aids in treating arthritis tooth decay diabetes
Vitamin E	Improve blood circulation and slow down aging process
Vitamin K	Reduces risk of menstrual pain and internal bleeding

VITAMIN D: is a fat soluble vitamin that is naturally present in every few foods added to other and available as a dietary supplement.

                   SOURCE OF VITAMIN D

(where we can get vitamin D from if we don’t want to have its deficiency or want to enjoy every of its benefit)

l  Salmon

l  Sardine

l  Egg yolk

l  shrimp

l  Milk (fortified )

l  Cereal ( fortified)

l  Yogurt ( fortified)

l  Orange juice

      

        ABSORBTION AND STORAGE

It is absorb with the fats from the intestine with aids of bile from the skin is absorbed into the blood stream

It is stored in the liver, skin, bones, brain and other tissues

     BENEFITS OF VITAMIN D

u It promote calcium absorption in gut and maintains adequate serum calcium and phosphate concentration to enable normal neutralization of bone and to prevent hypo calcemic tetany.

u It is needed for growth and bone remodeling by osteoblasts and osteopaths

u It helps in reduction of inflammation

u Vitamin D modulate many genes encoding proteins that regulate cell proliferation, differentiation and apotheosis

u It help to fight disease that is of helps in reducing your risk of multiple sclerosis ( according to decreasing your change of developing heart disease, helping to reduce your likelihood of developing the

u It helps in fight depression.

u It helps to boosts weight loss

THESE ARE THE EFFECT ON INADEGUATE OF VITAMIN D IN OUR BODY SYSTEM WHICH ARE AS FOLLOWS;

l  General tiredness, aches, pains, and a general sense of not feeling well

l  Severe bone or muscle pain or weakness that may cause difficulty climbing stair or getting up from the floor or allow chair or cause the person to walk with a waddling gait.

l  Stress factors especially in the legs, pelvis and lips

                     OVERDOSE

ü Abnormal bone growth and formation

ü Deposition of calcium in organ such as kidney, liver and hearth

ü Mental retardation in young children

ü Weight loss

                    DEFFICIENCY

Rickets and osteomalacia

                    RICKET

Is a skeletal disorders that resort from a lack of vitamin D, calcium or phosphate. This nutrient are important for the development of strong, healthy bones. People with rickets can have weak and soft bones, stunted growth and in several cases, skeletal deformities. In order words rickets is the nutritional and metabolic disorder of infants and early childhood, in which classification of bones does not take place normally.

              PEOPLE THAT RISK RICKET ARE

·        Children ( 6 and 36 month old)

·        Vegetarian (people that practice vegetarian diet)

·        Skin color ( children of Africa pacific islands and middle eastern descent at the high risk of rickets because they have dark skin, that is dark skin don’t sent react strongly to sunlight as lighter skin does, so it produce less vitamin D

              SYMPTOMS OF RICKETS

ü Failure to retain calcium in the bone

ü The baby will be moving his head from side to side and rubbing off his head

ü Bone fracture

ü Stunted growth and short stature

ü Holes in enamel

ü Teeth deformities such as delayed tooth formation

ü An increased number of cavities

ü Skeletal deformities including an oddly shaped skull bowleg or legs that bow out bumps in the ribcage a protruding breastbone, a curved spine and pelvic deformation

            HOW IS RICKETS DIAGNOSED

It is diagnosed by performing a physical examination. The will check for tenderness or pain in the bones by lightly pressing on the bones. Some test may be carried out such are arterial blood gases to determine how much oxygen and carbondioxide are in the blood.

ü Blood tests to measure the level of calcium and phosphate in the blood.

ü Bone x-ray to check the bone deformities

                  PREVENTION

ü Exposing to sunlight

ü Administration of vitamin D

ü Adequate amount of calcium, phosphorus and vitamin D

            TREATMENT OF RICKET

Increase in consumption of milk, fish, eggs, liver (vitamin D). Exposure to sunlight it skeletal deformation are present, your child may need braces to position their bones correctly as they grow. In several cases your child may need connective surgery. Therefore, a combination of phosphate supplement and high level of a special form of vitamin D are required for treatment.

                       VITAMIN C

An essential nutrient found mainly in fruit and vegetables. Vitamin C is also known as ascorbic acid. Vitamin C is water soluble vitamin, one that cannot be stored by the body except insignificant amount.

       ABSORBTION AND STORAGE

ü It is easily absorbed from small intestine and carry the tissues by the help of blood

ü It is stored in the body liamough tissue saturation but should be supplied daily.

       FUNCTION

ü It is essential for growth

ü It is use for the collection of all fibrous tissues

ü It is use for the formation of normal teeth and bone matrix

ü It preserve capillary integrity

ü It is essential per the metabolism of amino acids

            DEFICIENCY

Scurvy mounds not healing bruising, low resistance to infection.

              SCURVY

Is a disease caused by a diet that lack vitamin C ( ascorbic acid )

           SYPTOMS OF SCURVY

u Poor weight gain

u Fever

u Irritability

u Diarrhea

u Rapid breathing

u Discomfort in legs, swelling over long bones, bleeding hemorrhaging

u Feeling of paralysis

          DIAGNOSES OF SCURVY

A physical exam, looking for symptoms described above. Actual vitamin C levels can be obtain by using laboratory tests, that analyze serum ascorbic acid levels ( or white blood cell ascorbic acid concentration ) sometimes radiological procedures and ordered far diagnostic purposes and to see what damage scurvy as already done.

                  TREATMENT FOR SCURVY

Scurvy is treated by providing the patient with vitamin C ad mistered either orally or via injection. Orange is usually function as an effective dietary remedy, but specific vitamin supplement are known to be effective.

    

            HOW TO PREVENT SCURVY

By consuming enough vitamin C either in the diet or supplement include

ü Orange

ü Lemon

ü Black current

ü Guava

ü Kiwifruit

ü Papaya

ü Tomatoes

ü Strawberries

ü Carrots